Human randomized trial2023 · Geriatrics & Gerontology International
24-week placebo-controlled study in 14 older men with diabetes found NMN tolerable but no significant benefit for grip strength or walking speed.
Systematic review and meta-analysis2024 · Current Diabetes Reports
Meta-analysis of 8 RCTs (342 adults) found no significant pooled benefit of short-term NMN for standard glucose-control or lipid-profile outcomes.
Preclinical mechanistic study2016 · Aging Cell
Aged-mouse study found NMN improved endothelial function, arterial stiffness and oxidative-stress measures; translation to human vascular outcomes is unproven.
Preclinical mechanistic study2015 · Cell Death & Differentiation
Preclinical injury-model study linking local NMN accumulation after NMNAT2 loss with axon degeneration; not evidence about routine oral NMN use in people.
Human randomized trial2022 · Scientific Reports
Four-week RCT in 31 healthy adults found 1,250 mg/day NMN was well tolerated without severe adverse events or clinically concerning laboratory changes.
Cellular and structural study2019 · Nature Metabolism
Cell/mouse study proposed SLC12A8 as a specific NMN transporter; a later published critique disputed that conclusion.
Cellular and structural study2022 · Nature Communications
Cryo-EM structural study resolving how NMN activates SARM1, the enzyme that drives axon degeneration when nerve injury depletes NMNAT2. Uses a nanobody to trap the active state.
Human randomized trial2022 · Frontiers in Aging
60-day RCT of 300 mg/day NMN reported higher NAD+/NADH and some secondary benefits, but post-unblinding participant selection limits interpretation.
Human randomized trial2022 · npj Aging
Older-men RCT: 250 mg/day NMN increased blood NAD-related metabolites; nominal gait/grip findings were limited by a test-food allocation error.
Early human intervention2020 · Endocrine Journal
Single-dose study in 10 healthy men reporting no clinically significant acute changes over five hours and dose-related increases in downstream nicotinamide metabolites.
Human randomized trial2023 · Scientific Reports
Twelve-week trial in 36 middle-aged adults: serum nicotinamide increased, while the overall arterial-stiffness difference versus placebo was not significant.
Human randomized trial2022 · Nutrients
Twelve-week four-group trial in 108 older adults: no significant sleep-quality interaction; drowsiness and sit-to-stand signals were accompanied by placebo improvements.
Secondary human analysis2024 · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
Post-hoc analysis of the 80-person Yi trial found large interindividual NAD-response variability and exploratory associations with functional outcomes.
Secondary human analysis2026 · GeroScience
Post-hoc analysis of the Yi trial linked blood NAD levels with several laboratory measures; associations are exploratory and not causal treatment effects.
Narrative review2024 · Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Narrative review of mainly preclinical ocular NMN studies; no human intervention evidence establishes prevention or treatment of ocular disease.
Early human intervention2026 · Nature Medicine
Phase 1/2 single-arm ITP study: 25 patients received 900 mg/day NMN for 2 weeks; safety was favorable and 20% met the primary platelet-response endpoint.
Human randomized trial2021 · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Six-week, four-arm RCT (placebo / 300 / 600 / 1200 mg/day) in 48 amateur runners on ventilatory-threshold and aerobic-capacity measures.
Preclinical mechanistic study2018 · Cell Metabolism
Isotope-tracer study quantified NAD flux and found route-dependent NMN/NR metabolism in mice, with extensive conversion after oral administration.
Preclinical mechanistic study2016 · Cell Metabolism
Landmark 12-month mouse study found NMN altered multiple age-associated physiological and metabolic measures without obvious toxicity in the model.
Human randomized trial2024 · GeroScience
60-person RCT: primary stepping outcome was null; secondary 4-m walking, blood NAD+ and selected sleep measures favored 250 mg/day NMN.
Early human intervention2022 · Glycative Stress Research
Single-arm study in 17 postmenopausal women found multiple biomarker changes over 8 weeks; without a control group, causal effects cannot be established.
Human randomized trial2025 · Fundamental Toxicological Sciences
Four-week randomized overdose-safety trial tested 750 and 1,500 mg/day NMN in 30 healthy adults; it informs short-term tolerability, not efficacy.
Preclinical mechanistic study2022 · Scientific Reports
High-dose injected NMN improved albuminuria and several renal measures in a mouse injury model; no human intervention was performed.
Early human intervention2022 · Cureus
A small uncontrolled study found that one intravenous NMN dose raised blood NAD+ and lowered triglycerides over five hours, with no acute abnormalities detected.
Narrative review2022 · Journal of Advanced Research
Narrative review of NMN anti-aging promises and safety concerns, emphasizing strong preclinical interest but sparse human efficacy and long-term safety evidence.
Narrative review2024 · Metabolites
Narrative review of NMN metabolism, uptake, gut microbiome effects, measurement challenges, and person-to-person variability in clinical findings.
Human randomized trial2022 · Frontiers in Nutrition
In 30 healthy Japanese adults, 250 mg/day NMN for 12 weeks increased whole-blood NAD+ without serious adverse events; clinical metabolic and body-composition outcomes did not significantly change.
Human randomized trial2023 · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
28-day RCT in 30 adults: MIB-626 raised NAD+ and showed exploratory cardiometabolic changes; insulin sensitivity and physical performance were null.
Human randomized trial2023 · The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Two-week RCT in 32 adults aged 55–80 showing pharmaceutical-grade NMN (MIB-626) at 1,000 mg once or twice daily raised blood NAD⁺ substantially versus placebo with a safety profile matching placebo.
Human randomized trial2025 · FASEB BioAdvances
COVID-19/AKI RCT: MIB-626 strongly raised NAD+ but did not significantly improve kidney, inflammation or disease-severity outcomes versus placebo.
Systematic review and meta-analysis2025 · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
Systematic review/meta-analysis found no consistent evidence that NMN improves core skeletal-muscle mass or function outcomes; NMN-specific data were limited.
Early human intervention2023 · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
Translational study with a small human hypertension intervention plus mechanistic models; reported BP/vascular improvements need larger independent confirmation.
Cellular and structural study2016 · Nature Communications
Mechanistic cell/mouse study found NRK1 is central to NMN/NR utilization and supported extracellular NMN-to-NR conversion in studied systems.
Narrative perspective2020 · Integrative Medicine (Encinitas)
Perspective summarizing NAD+/NMN mechanisms and advocating liposomal delivery without a direct comparative human trial of that delivery approach.
Human randomized trial2026 · Nature Metabolism
In a 14-day randomized trial, 1 g/day NMN and NR roughly doubled whole-blood NAD+, while nicotinamide did not; clinical outcomes were not tested.
Narrative review2023 · Advances in Nutrition
A narrative review found generally reassuring short-term tolerability but scarce, inconsistent evidence for broad anti-aging effects in humans.
Narrative review2024 · Frontiers in Pharmacology
A broad review describes extensive preclinical research but finds human evidence small, short, inconsistent, and insufficient for broad clinical claims.
Preclinical mechanistic study2023 · ASN Neuro
Injected NMN reduced injury markers and improved later behavior in neonatal mice after experimental hypoxia–ischemia; no human outcomes were studied.
Systematic review and meta-analysis2025 · Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Meta-analysis of 9 NMN trials in middle-aged/older adults found a limited, heterogeneous evidence base for muscle, liver and metabolic outcomes.
Systematic review2024 · Cureus
Systematic review of 10 RCTs (437 participants) found physical-performance changes were non-significant overall and reported no serious adverse effects.
Early human intervention2024 · Endocrine Journal
Open-label study in 11 men: 250 mg/day NMN for 8 weeks increased PBMC NAD+; subgroup metabolic findings were exploratory and uncontrolled.
Preclinical mechanistic study2014 · PLOS ONE
Mouse cardiac study found NMN increased NAD+ and reduced ischemia/reperfusion injury under experimental conditions; no human cardiovascular efficacy was tested.
Early human intervention2023 · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
Single-arm study in 11 healthy adults: 250 mg/day NMN increased plasma NMN and NAD+ and also raised postprandial insulin, with high variability.
Human randomized trial2026 · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
11-man crossover study: NMN dampened some inflammatory signals after BFR exercise but also delayed repair signals and abolished a mitochondrial-content increase.
Systematic review and meta-analysis2026 · Nutrients
2026 meta-analysis of 15 RCTs found favorable short-term tolerability but no clear pooled benefit for most metabolic outcomes; long-term safety remains unknown.
Human randomized trial2023 · GeroScience
80-person dose-ranging RCT: 300–900 mg/day NMN raised blood NAD over 60 days; secondary functional findings were positive while HOMA-IR was null.
Preclinical mechanistic study2011 · Cell Metabolism
Foundational mouse study: NMN restored NAD+ and improved glucose-related metabolic phenotypes in diet- and age-associated diabetes models.
Human randomized trial2021 · Science
Ten-week trial in 25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes found improved muscle insulin sensitivity, but no change in hepatic insulin sensitivity or body composition.
Systematic review and meta-analysis2025 · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Systematic review of 12 studies (513 adults) found robust NAD biomarker increases but inconsistent evidence for conventional glucose and lipid benefits.
Systematic review and meta-analysis2026 · Nutrients
Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs (349 participants) found no significant overall systolic reduction and a small preliminary diastolic-pressure signal.