NMN Evidence Center

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) Research

Every peer-reviewed paper HealthspanX references on NMN has a dedicated analysis page on this site. Each entry is populated directly from the source publication and verified against PubMed. This hub aggregates the current NMN corpus, grouped by the biological system studied.

Human-trial findings are presented as findings in people. Preclinical mouse and in-vitro findings are labelled as such and are not used to predict outcomes in people.

Browse study records Review the method

Evidence types

Human findings, reviews, and mechanisms are not interchangeable.

A study finding is limited to the product or formulation, population, dose, duration, comparison, and endpoints examined. It is not a prediction of an individual RL100 record.

Human studies

26 intervention records in people, with positive, mixed, and null findings shown together.

Reviews and perspectives

13 interpretive records. These synthesize other publications and contain no original controlled human outcomes.

Preclinical and mechanistic

34 animal, cellular, structural, or other non-human records used for mechanistic context, not consumer outcomes.

Claim boundary: HealthspanX does not use these records to state that NMN supports all 12 wellbeing areas. RL100 documents 12 self-reported areas while the participant follows a standardized NMN protocol.

Study library

73 public records, grouped by evidence type.

Human studies

Original intervention research conducted in people.

  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Moderate

    Mihoko Yoshino et al. , 2021 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women

    Science · Metabolic measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Moderate

    Liao B et al. , 2021 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: a randomized, double-blind study

    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · Exercise physiology

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Early human intervention Interpretive weight: Limited

    Junichiro Irie et al. , 2020 —Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese men

    Endocrine Journal · Short-term tolerability and metabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Moderate

    Karol M. Pencina et al. , 2023 —MIB-626, an Oral Formulation of a Microcrystalline Unique Polymorph of β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Increases Circulating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and its Metabolome in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

    The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · Pharmacokinetics and short-term safety

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Moderate

    Mijin Kim et al. , 2022 —Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

    Nutrients · Sleep-related and physical-function measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Takeshi Katayoshi et al. , 2023 —Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

    Scientific Reports · Vascular and NAD-related measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Early human intervention Interpretive weight: Limited

    Shintarou Kimura et al. , 2022 —Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safely Metabolized and Significantly Reduces Blood Triglyceride Levels in Healthy Individuals

    Cureus · Intravenous NMN metabolism and short-term tolerability

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Moderate

    Stefan Christen et al. , 2026 —The differential impact of three different NAD+ boosters on circulatory NAD and microbial metabolism in humans

    Nature Metabolism · NAD+ precursor metabolism and microbiome

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Keisuke Okabe et al. , 2022 —Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects

    Frontiers in Nutrition · Safety and NAD-related measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Yuichiro Fukamizu et al. , 2022 —Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women

    Scientific Reports · High-dose safety and tolerability

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Masaki Igarashi et al. , 2022 —Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men

    npj Aging · NAD-related and physical-function measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Hao Huang , 2022 —A Multicentre, Randomised, Double Blind, Parallel Design, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Uthever (NMN Supplement), an Orally Administered Supplementation in Middle Aged and Older Adults

    Frontiers in Aging · NAD-related and physical-function measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Early human intervention Interpretive weight: Limited

    Yuji Morita et al. , 2022 —Clinical evaluation of changes in biomarkers by oral intake of NMN

    Glycative Stress Research · Exploratory biomarker and subjective measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Hiroshi Akasaka et al. , 2023 —Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide on older patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance: A prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

    Geriatrics & Gerontology International · Physical function in older adults with diabetes

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Moderate

    Lin Yi et al. , 2023 —The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial

    GeroScience · Dose response, NAD and physical-function measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Karol Mateusz Pencina et al. , 2023 —Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Augmentation in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Physiologic Study

    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · NAD-related and cardiometabolic measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Early human intervention Interpretive weight: Limited

    Yumin Qiu et al. , 2023 —NAD+ exhaustion by CD38 upregulation contributes to blood pressure elevation and vascular damage in hypertension

    Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · Hypertension and vascular mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Early human intervention Interpretive weight: Limited

    Takuya Yamane et al. , 2023 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) intake increases plasma NMN and insulin levels in healthy subjects

    Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · Plasma pharmacodynamics and insulin

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Early human intervention Interpretive weight: Limited

    Shintaro Yamaguchi et al. , 2024 —Safety and efficacy of long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on metabolism, sleep, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis in healthy, middle-aged Japanese men

    Endocrine Journal · NAD biosynthesis and exploratory metabolic measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Masashi Morifuji et al. , 2024 —Ingestion of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide increased blood NAD levels, maintained walking speed, and improved sleep quality in older adults in a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study

    GeroScience · Physical function, NAD and sleep measures

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Secondary human analysis Interpretive weight: Limited

    Ajla Hodzic Kuerec et al. , 2024 —Towards personalized nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentration

    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · NAD response variability

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Ryota Nakajima et al. , 2025 —Placebo-controlled randomized double-blind parallel-group trial of the safety of overdose intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide

    Fundamental Toxicological Sciences · High-dose safety and tolerability

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Karol M Pencina et al. , 2025 —Oral MIB-626 (β Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) Safely Raises Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial

    FASEB BioAdvances · Disease-setting NAD pharmacodynamics

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Secondary human analysis Interpretive weight: Limited

    Ajla H Kuerec et al. , 2026 —Association between blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and blood laboratory parameters at baseline and after nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation in middle-aged healthy individuals: post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial

    GeroScience · NAD and laboratory associations

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Human randomized trial Interpretive weight: Limited

    Dai-Lin Yang et al. , 2026 —Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) in human skeletal muscle after BFR-exercise

    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · Exercise-induced muscle inflammation and adaptation

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Early human intervention Interpretive weight: Limited

    Huiyuan Li et al. , 2026 —Low-dose oral nicotinamide mononucleotide for immune thrombocytopenia: a phase 1/2 trial

    Nature Medicine · Immune thrombocytopenia and immunometabolism

    Full analysis

Reviews and perspectives

Interpretive publications that synthesize or discuss other evidence.

  • Evidence type: Narrative perspective Interpretive weight: Limited

    Christopher Shade , 2020 —The Science Behind NMN—A Stable, Reliable NAD+ Activator and Anti-Aging Molecule

    Integrative Medicine (Encinitas) · NAD+ metabolism and delivery claims

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Narrative review Interpretive weight: Limited

    Deokho Lee et al. , 2024 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a potential future treatment in ocular diseases

    Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · Ocular research

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Narrative review Interpretive weight: Limited

    Harshani Nadeeshani et al. , 2022 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product – Promises and safety concerns

    Journal of Advanced Research · Anti-aging claims and safety

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Narrative review Interpretive weight: Limited

    Candace Benjamin et al. , 2024 —Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation: Understanding Metabolic Variability and Clinical Implications

    Metabolites · Metabolic variability and bioavailability

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Narrative review Interpretive weight: Limited

    Qin Song et al. , 2023 —The Safety and Antiaging Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide in Human Clinical Trials: an Update

    Advances in Nutrition · Human safety and anti-aging evidence

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Narrative review Interpretive weight: Limited

    Bin Yu et al. , 2024 —The versatile multi-functional substance NMN: its unique characteristics, metabolic properties, pharmacodynamic effects, clinical trials, and diverse applications

    Frontiers in Pharmacology · NMN pharmacology, clinical evidence and applications

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Systematic review and meta-analysis Interpretive weight: Limited

    Feng Chen et al. , 2024 —Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

    Current Diabetes Reports · Glucose and lipid metabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Systematic review and meta-analysis Interpretive weight: Limited

    Jiaqi Zhang et al. , 2025 —Efficacy of oral nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials

    Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · Metabolic outcomes

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Systematic review Interpretive weight: Limited

    Jimmy Wen et al. , 2024 —Improved Physical Performance Parameters in Patients Taking Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials

    Cureus · Physical performance and safety

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Systematic review and meta-analysis Interpretive weight: Limited

    Jian-Peng Wang et al. , 2025 —Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Muscle and Liver Functions Among the Middle-aged and Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

    Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · Muscle and liver outcomes

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Systematic review and meta-analysis Interpretive weight: Limited

    Konstantinos Prokopidis et al. , 2025 —The Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Riboside on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · Skeletal muscle mass and function

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Systematic review and meta-analysis Interpretive weight: Limited

    Mu Zhang et al. , 2026 —Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

    Nutrients · Blood pressure

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Systematic review and meta-analysis Interpretive weight: Moderate

    Wenyu Yang et al. , 2026 —Safety and Metabolism-Related Outcomes of Oral Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

    Nutrients · Human safety and metabolic outcomes

    Full analysis

Preclinical and mechanistic research

Animal, cellular, structural, or other non-human evidence.

  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    M Di Stefano et al. , 2015 —A rise in NAD precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) after injury promotes axon degeneration

    Cell Death & Differentiation · Axon-injury biology

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Cellular and structural study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Yun Nan Hou et al. , 2022 —A conformation-specific nanobody targeting the nicotinamide mononucleotide-activated state of SARM1

    Nature Communications · SARM1 activation

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Takuya Kawamura et al. , 2023 —Therapeutic Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide for Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice

    ASN Neuro · Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Kazuhiro Hasegawa et al. , 2022 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates adriamycin-induced renal damage by epigenetically suppressing the NMN/NAD consumers mediated by Twist2

    Scientific Reports · Renal injury and NAD+ metabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Jun Yoshino et al. , 2011 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide, a key NAD+ intermediate, treats the pathophysiology of diet- and age-induced diabetes in mice

    Cell Metabolism · Metabolic mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Takanobu Yamamoto et al. , 2014 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide, an intermediate of NAD+ synthesis, protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion

    PLOS ONE · Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Natalie E de Picciotto et al. , 2016 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation reverses vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress with aging in mice

    Aging Cell · Vascular aging mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Kathryn F Mills et al. , 2016 —Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice

    Cell Metabolism · Whole-body aging biology

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Cellular and structural study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Joanna Ratajczak et al. , 2016 —NRK1 controls nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in mammalian cells

    Nature Communications · NMN uptake and metabolism mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Ling Liu et al. , 2018 —Quantitative Analysis of NAD Synthesis-Breakdown Fluxes

    Cell Metabolism · NAD synthesis and precursor flux

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Cellular and structural study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Alessia Grozio et al. , 2019 —Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter

    Nature Metabolism · NMN transport mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Cellular and structural study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Mark S Schmidt et al. , 2019 —Absence of evidence that Slc12a8 encodes a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter

    Nature Metabolism · NMN transport mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Stefano Tarantini et al. , 2019 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation rescues cerebromicrovascular endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses and improves cognitive function in aged mice

    Redox Biology · Neurovascular aging and cognition

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Tamas Kiss et al. , 2020 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation promotes neurovascular rejuvenation in aged mice: transcriptional footprint of SIRT1 activation, mitochondrial protection, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects

    GeroScience · Neurovascular transcriptomics

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Michael J Bertoldo et al. , 2020 —NAD+ Repletion Rescues Female Fertility during Reproductive Aging

    Cell Reports · Reproductive aging

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Yilong Miao et al. , 2020 —Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation Reverses the Declining Quality of Maternally Aged Oocytes

    Cell Reports · Oocyte and reproductive aging

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Pan Huang et al. , 2021 —NMN Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis by Regulating the Gut Microbiota

    Frontiers in Nutrition · Gut microbiome and intestinal barrier

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Pan Huang et al. , 2022 —Long-term treatment of Nicotinamide mononucleotide improved age-related diminished ovary reserve through enhancing the mitophagy level of granulosa cells in mice

    The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · Ovarian aging and mitophagy

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Jinghui Liang et al. , 2024 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation rescues mitochondrial and energy metabolism functions and ameliorates inflammatory states in the ovaries of aging mice

    MedComm · Ovarian aging and mitochondrial metabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Ao-Jia Zhou et al. , 2025 —Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Physiological Decline in Aging Mice

    The Journal of Nutrition · Diet-accelerated aging and metabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Kouya Hattori et al. , 2025 —Administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide suppresses the progression of age-related hearing loss in mice

    Hearing Research · Auditory aging

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Jing Wang et al. , 2026 —NMN Can Restore Ovarian Reserve in Aged Mice by Upregulating NAD+/SIRT1/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway and TOMM20 Expression, and Improve in Vitro Development of Aging Oocytes

    Reproductive Sciences · Ovarian reserve and mitochondrial mechanisms

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Xin Wen et al. , 2026 —Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Myocardial Damage of Aging Mice through the Sirt3/PINK1/Parkin Signaling Pathway

    The Journal of Nutrition · Cardiac aging and mitochondrial autophagy

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Keisuke Yaku et al. , 2025 —Nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide facilitate NAD+ synthesis via enterohepatic circulation

    Science Advances · Oral NMN metabolism and enterohepatic circulation

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Pin Wang et al. , 2025 —Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide Riboside Improve Dyslipidemia and Fatty Liver but Promote Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

    Pharmaceuticals (Basel) · Atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Romanthi Madawala et al. , 2025 —CD38 mediates nicotinamide mononucleotide base exchange to yield nicotinic acid mononucleotide

    Journal of Biological Chemistry · NMN metabolism and CD38

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Ting Cao et al. , 2023 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide as a therapeutic agent to alleviate multi-organ failure in sepsis

    Journal of Translational Medicine · Sepsis and multi-organ injury

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Cellular and structural study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Mohammad Abdur Rashid et al. , 2022 —Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Mitochondrial Defects in Cortical Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

    Brain Plasticity · Chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Lin Shen et al. , 2025 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects ovarian function and oocyte developmental competence during chemotherapy

    Journal of Ovarian Research · Ovarian function during chemotherapy

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Haoran Xu et al. , 2026 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide enhances anti-tumor effect by resetting macrophages toward the inflammatory M1-like phenotype

    Molecular Therapy Oncology · Cancer immunometabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Ning Zhao et al. , 2025 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide mitigates hyperoxia-aggravated septic lung injury via the GPx4-mediated anti-ferroptosis signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial cells

    Free Radical Biology and Medicine · Septic lung injury and ferroptosis

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Yong Fan et al. , 2025 —Reverse Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Declining Quality of Oocytes With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

    The FASEB Journal · PCOS oocyte quality and reproductive metabolism

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Preclinical mechanistic study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Chunjia Zhang et al. , 2023 —The identification of new roles for nicotinamide mononucleotide after spinal cord injury in mice: an RNA-seq and global gene expression study

    Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · Spinal cord injury and neuroinflammation

    Full analysis
  • Evidence type: Cellular and structural study Interpretive weight: Mechanistic context

    Xiujun Deng et al. , 2021 —Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) protects bEnd.3 cells against H2O2-induced damage via NAMPT and the NF-κB p65 signalling pathway

    FEBS Open Bio · Cerebrovascular endothelial oxidative stress

    Full analysis

Review method

Every record answers the same questions.

1. Verify the source

Check citation, DOI, PMID, publication type, design, population, intervention, endpoints, funding, and conflicts.

2. Separate the evidence

Keep human outcomes distinct from reviews, animal findings, cellular mechanisms, and product credentials.

3. State the boundary

Show null findings and limitations beside positive findings. Do not translate a narrow endpoint into a broad support claim.

Within RL100

Research describes study groups. RL100 documents the participant's own window.

Ultra Pure™ NMN is the current Foundation Product within the Foundation Protocol. RL100 records Day 0, Day 30, and Day 100 across 12 self-reported areas without promising a particular outcome.

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