Systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplementation on Muscle and Liver Functions Among the Middle-aged and Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Jian-Peng Wang, Li Wang, Ting Wang, Yi-Dan Zhang, Ao-Jia Zhou, Zi-Ping Wang, Zhang-E Xiong

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology · 2025 · 26(13):2141–2152

Original publication PubMed

Study at a glance

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Population or model: Middle-aged and older adults in NMN randomized trials
Sample size: 9 included studies
Intervention: Oral NMN versus placebo/control
Publication type: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Evidence class: review-perspective
Research area: Muscle and liver outcomes
Trial registration: Not applicable.

Study endpoints

Muscle function
Physical performance
Liver-function markers
Glucose and lipid measures
Safety

Plain-language summary

This systematic review pooled randomized NMN trials in middle-aged and older adults, with emphasis on muscle and liver-related outcomes.

The evidence base was small and heterogeneous, with different doses, populations and endpoints. Some individual outcomes varied, but the aggregate evidence does not justify a broad claim that NMN improves muscle or liver function.

The review is most useful as a synthesis of the limited current clinical literature rather than proof of a general therapeutic effect.

Key findings

Nine studies were included.
The analysis evaluated muscle, liver and metabolic outcomes across middle-aged and older adults.
Results varied by endpoint and study.
The evidence base remained limited by small trials and heterogeneity.

Limitations

Small number of eligible trials.
Heterogeneity in doses, populations and outcomes.
Most trials were short term.
Several included outcomes were surrogate biomarkers rather than clinical events.

Funding and transparency

Funding

See source publication for funding disclosures.

Competing interests

See source publication for competing-interest disclosures.

HealthspanX observation

Pooled evidence should be interpreted endpoint by endpoint rather than as support for a general muscle or liver benefit.

Interpretive weight

Limited

Meta-analysis of a small and heterogeneous clinical evidence base; pooled findings cannot establish broad muscle or liver efficacy.

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